Published trader · United Kingdom
Directory snapshot: 2026-09-12. Address observation date, not a trade date.
HMRC trader directory · ref 1107 · published 2025-08 to 2026-07
Months published
Loading months publishedCommodity codes
Loading commodity codesMonths published
Commodity codes HMRC published this trader against, month by month, within the loaded coverage. A gap is a month with no published link in that coverage, not a month without trade.
Codes in the loaded coverage this trader is published against, most months first. Descriptions are HMRC’s own, verbatim. This list is bounded; codes outside the loaded coverage are not listed.
| Commodity code | Description (as published) | Direction | Months | Window |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6115 95 00 | Full-length or knee-length stockings, socks and other hosiery, incl. footwear without applied soles, of cotton, knitted or crocheted (excl. graduated compression hosiery, pantyhose and tights, women's full-length or knee-length stockings, measuring per single yarn < 67 decitex, and hosiery for babies) | ImporterExporter | 10 | 2025-08 – 2026-06 |
| 6505 00 90 | Hats and other headgear, knitted or crocheted, or made up from lace, felt or other textile fabric, in the piece (but not in strips), whether or not lined or trimmed (excl. of fur felt or of felt of wool and fur, peaked caps, headgear for animals or headgear having the character of toys or festive articles) | ImporterExporter | 8 | 2025-08 – 2026-06 |
| 6115 99 00 | Full-length or knee-length stockings, socks and other hosiery, incl. footwear without applied soles, of textile materials, knitted or crocheted (excl. of wool, fine animal hair, cotton or synthetic fibres, graduated compression hosiery, pantyhose and tights, women's full-length or knee-length stockings, measuring per single yarn < 67 decitex, and hosiery for babies) | Importer | 7 | 2025-08 – 2026-05 |
| 9503 00 49 | Toys representing animals or non-human creatures (excl. stuffed) | Importer | 7 | 2025-08 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 81 | Toy weapons | Importer | 7 | 2025-08 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 95 | Plastic toys, n.e.s. | Importer | 7 | 2025-08 – 2026-07 |
| 9506 59 00 | Badminton and similar rackets, whether or not strung (other than tennis rackets and table-tennis bats) | Importer | 7 | 2025-08 – 2026-07 |
| 9506 99 90 | Articles and equipment for sport and outdoor games n.e.s; swimming and paddling pools | Importer | 7 | 2025-08 – 2026-07 |
| 4202 22 90 | Handbags, whether or not with shoulder straps, incl. those without handles, with outer surface of textile materials | Importer | 6 | 2025-10 – 2026-07 |
| 7117 90 00 | Imitation jewellery (excl. jewellery, of base metal, whether or not clad with silver, gold or platinum) | Importer | 6 | 2025-09 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 41 | Stuffed toys representing animals or non-human creatures | Importer | 6 | 2026-02 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 70 | Toys, put up in sets or outfits (excl. electric trains, incl. accessories, scale model assembly kits, construction sets and constructional toys, and puzzles) | Importer | 6 | 2026-02 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 99 | Toys, n.e.s. | Importer | 6 | 2026-02 – 2026-07 |
| 9506 62 00 | Inflatable balls | ImporterExporter | 6 | 2026-02 – 2026-07 |
| 9506 69 90 | Balls (excl. inflatable, golf, table-tennis, tennis, cricket and polo balls) | Importer | 6 | 2025-09 – 2026-06 |
| 9507 90 00 | Line fishing tackle n.e.s; fish landing nets, butterfly nets and similar nets; decoys and similar hunting or shooting requisites (excl. decoy calls of all kinds and stuffed birds of heading 9705) | Importer | 6 | 2026-02 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 79 | Toys and models, incorporating a motor (excl. plastic, electric trains, scale model assembly kits, and toys representing animals, human or non-human creatures) | Importer | 5 | 2025-08 – 2026-07 |
| 3926 40 00 | Statuettes and other ornamental articles, of plastics | Importer | 4 | 2026-02 – 2026-06 |
| 6115 96 99 | Full-length stockings, socks and other hosiery, incl. footwear without applied soles, of synthetic fibres, knitted or crocheted (excl. graduated compression hosiery, women's pantyhose and tights, full-length or knee-length stockings, and hosiery for babies) | Importer | 4 | 2025-08 – 2025-11 |
| 6116 93 00 | Gloves, mittens and mitts, of synthetic fibres, knitted or crocheted (excl. impregnated, coated, covered or laminated with plastics or rubber, and for babies) | Importer | 4 | 2025-08 – 2025-11 |
| 6117 10 00 | Shawls, scarves, mufflers, mantillas, veils and the like, knitted or crocheted | Importer | 4 | 2025-08 – 2025-11 |
| 6217 10 00 | Made-up clothing accessories, of all types of textile materials, n.e.s. (excl. knitted or crocheted) | ImporterExporter | 4 | 2026-02 – 2026-05 |
| 6307 90 98 | Made-up articles of textile materials, incl. dress patterns, n.e.s. (excl. of felt, knitted or crocheted, single-use drapes used during surgical procedures made up of nonwovens, and protective face masks) | Importer | 4 | 2026-02 – 2026-07 |
| 6404 19 90 | Footwear with outer soles of rubber or plastics and uppers of textile materials (excl. indoor footwear, sports footwear, incl. tennis shoes, basketball shoes, gym shoes, training shoes and the like, and toy footwear) | Importer | 4 | 2025-08 – 2026-06 |
| 6601 10 00 | Garden or similar umbrellas (excl. beach tents) | Importer | 4 | 2026-02 – 2026-06 |
| 7326 90 98 | Articles of iron or steel, n.e.s. | Importer | 4 | 2026-02 – 2026-05 |
| 9506 29 00 | Water-skis, surfboards and other water-sport equipment (other than sailboards) | Importer | 4 | 2026-03 – 2026-07 |
| 3824 99 96 | Chemical products and preparations of the chemical or allied industries, incl. those consisting of mixtures of natural products, not predominantly composed of organic compounds, n.e.s. | Importer | 3 | 2025-08 – 2025-11 |
| 3926 90 97 | Articles of plastics and articles of other materials of heading 3901 to 3914, n.e.s. | Importer | 3 | 2026-02 – 2026-06 |
| 4601 99 90 | Plaiting materials, plaits and similar products of non-vegetable materials, flat-woven or bound together in parallel (excl. those made of plaits or similar products of plaiting materials worked lengthwise; wallcoverings of heading 4814; parts of footware or headgear) | Importer | 3 | 2026-03 – 2026-06 |
| 6302 60 00 | Toilet linen and kitchen linen, of terry towelling or similar terry fabrics of cotton (excl. floorcloths, polishing cloths, dishcloths and dusters) | Importer | 3 | 2025-08 – 2026-07 |
| 6402 20 00 | Footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics, with upper straps or thongs assembled to the sole by means of plugs (excl. toy footwear) | Importer | 3 | 2026-03 – 2026-06 |
| 6402 99 39 | Footwear with uppers of plastic and outer soles of rubber or plastics, with a vamp made of straps or which has one or several pieces cut out, with a maximum sole and heel height of <= 3 cm (excl. with upper straps or thongs assembled to the sole by means of plugs) | Importer | 3 | 2025-08 – 2026-06 |
| 6402 99 91 | Footwear with uppers of plastics and outer soles of rubber or plastics, with in-soles of a length of < 24 cm (excl. covering the ankle, footwear with a vamp made of straps or which has one or several pieces cut out, footwear incorporating a protective metal toecap, indoor footwear, sports footwear, waterproof footwear of heading 6401, orthopaedic footwear and toy footwear) | Importer | 3 | 2026-03 – 2026-06 |
| 6402 99 93 | Footwear non-identifiable as men's or women's footwear, with uppers of plastics, with outer soles of rubber or plastics, with in-soles of length >= 24 cm (excl. footwear covering the ankle, with a vamp made of straps or which has one or more pieces cut out, or incorporating a protective metal toecap, indoor or sports footwear, waterproof footwear in heading 6401, and orthopaedic footwear) | Importer | 3 | 2026-03 – 2026-06 |
| 6505 00 30 | Peaked caps and the like, knitted or crocheted, or made up from lace, felt or other textile fabric, in the piece (but not in strips), whether or not lined or trimmed (excl. toy and carnival headgear) | Importer | 3 | 2026-03 – 2026-06 |
| 6810 99 00 | Articles of cement, concrete or artificial stone, whether or not reinforced (excl. prefabricated structural components for building or civil engineering, tiles, paving, bricks and the like) | ImporterExporter | 3 | 2026-02 – 2026-05 |
| 8201 10 00 | Spades and shovels, with working parts of base metal | Importer | 3 | 2026-03 – 2026-07 |
| 8210 00 00 | Hand-operated mechanical devices, of base metal, weighing <= 10 kg, used in the preparation, conditioning or serving of food or drink | Importer | 3 | 2026-02 – 2026-07 |
| 9507 30 00 | Fishing reels | Importer | 3 | 2026-03 – 2026-06 |
| 4006 90 00 | Rods, bars, tubes, profiles and other forms of unvulcanised rubber, incl. mixed rubber, and articles of unvulcanised rubber, incl. mixed rubber (excl. plates, sheets and strip which, apart from basic surface-working, have not been cut, or have merely been cut into square or rectangular shapes, and 'camel-back' strips) | Importer | 2 | 2026-04 – 2026-05 |
| 4201 00 00 | Saddlery and harness for any animal, incl. traces, leads, knee pads, muzzles, saddle cloths, saddlebags, dog coats and the like, of any material (excl. harnesses for children and adults, riding whips and other goods of heading 6602) | Importer | 2 | 2026-04 – 2026-05 |
| 4421 99 99 | Articles of wood, n.e.s. | Importer | 2 | 2026-02 – 2026-03 |
| 46 | HS chapter: HMRC publishes no description for a chapter-level link | Importer | 2 | 2026-02 – 2026-05 |
| 4820 10 30 | Notebooks, letter pads and memorandum pads, without calendars, of paper or paperboard | Importer | 2 | 2026-02 – 2026-03 |
| 5607 49 90 | Twine, cordage, ropes and cables, of polyethylene or polypropylene, whether or not plaited or braided and whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or sheathed with rubber or plastics, with a linear density of <= 50.000 decitex "5 g/m" (excl. binder or baler twine) | Importer | 2 | 2026-05 – 2026-06 |
| 6115 94 00 | Full-length or knee-length stockings, socks and other hosiery, incl. footwear without applied soles, of wool or fine animal hair, knitted or crocheted (excl. graduated compression hosiery, pantyhose and tights, women's full-length or knee-length stockings, measuring per single yarn < 67 decitex, and hosiery for babies) | Importer | 2 | 2025-08 – 2025-09 |
| 6211 11 00 | Men's or boys' swimwear (excl. knitted or crocheted) | ImporterExporter | 2 | 2026-02 – 2026-06 |
| 6306 22 00 | Tents of synthetic fibres (excl. umbrella and play tents) | Importer | 2 | 2026-05 – 2026-07 |
| 6401 92 90 | Waterproof footwear with uppers of plastic and outer soles of rubber or of plastics, the uppers of which are neither fixed to the sole nor assembled by stitching, riveting, nailing, screwing, plugging or similar processes, covering only the ankle (excl. footwear incorporating a protective metal toecap, orthopaedic footwear, sports footwear, footwear with fixed attachments for skiing or skating, an | Importer | 2 | 2025-09 – 2026-05 |
| 6504 00 00 | Hats and other headgear, plaited or made by assembling strips of any material, whether or not lined or trimmed (excl. headgear for animals, and toy and carnival headgear) | Importer | 2 | 2026-03 – 2026-04 |
| 6912 00 89 | Household articles and toilet articles, of ceramics other than porcelain, china, common pottery, stoneware, earthenware or fine pottery (excl. tableware, kitchenware, baths, bidets, sinks and similar sanitary fixtures, statuettes and other ornamental articles, pots, jars, carboys and similar receptacles for the conveyance or packing of goods) | Importer | 2 | 2026-02 – 2026-03 |
| 7010 90 91 | Carboys, bottles, flasks, jars, pots, phials and other containers, of colourless glass, of a kind used for the commercial conveyance or packing of goods, of a nominal capacity of < 2,5 l (excl. containers for foodstuffs, beverages or pharmaceutical products, ampoules, containers made from tubing, glass inners for containers, with vacuum insulation, perfume atomizers, flasks, bottles etc. for atomi | Importer | 2 | 2026-03 – 2026-04 |
| 9401 79 00 | Seats, with metal frames (excl. upholstered, swivel seats with variable height adjustments and medical, dental or surgical furniture) | Importer | 2 | 2026-05 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 35 | Construction sets and constructional toys, of plastics (excl. scale model assembly kits) | Importer | 2 | 2025-08 – 2026-06 |
| 9503 00 39 | Construction sets and constructional toys (excl. of plastic and scale model assembly kits) | Importer | 2 | 2026-06 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 75 | Plastic toys and models, incorporating a motor (excl. electric trains, scale model assembly kits, and toys representing animals, human or non-human creatures) | Importer | 2 | 2025-08 – 2026-03 |
| 9504 90 80 | Tables for casino games, automatic bowling alley equipment, and other funfair, table or parlour games, incl. pintables (excl. operated by any means of payment, billiards, video game consoles and machines, playing cards and electric car racing sets having the character of competitive games) | Importer | 2 | 2026-02 – 2026-07 |
| 9506 40 00 | Articles and equipment for table-tennis | Importer | 2 | 2025-08 – 2026-06 |
| 9506 61 00 | Tennis balls (excl. table tennis balls) | Importer | 2 | 2026-04 – 2026-05 |
| 9506 99 10 | Cricket and polo equipment (excl. balls) | Importer | 2 | 2026-04 – 2026-07 |
| 9608 10 10 | Ball-point pens with liquid ink | Importer | 2 | 2026-03 – 2026-04 |
| 3406 00 00 | Candles, tapers and the like | Importer | 1 | 2026-02 – 2026-02 |
| 3919 10 19 | Plastic strips, coated with unvulcanised natural or synthetic rubber, self-adhesive, in rolls <= 20 cm wide (excl. such products of poly"vinyl chloride", polyethylenes or polypropylenes) | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 3923 21 00 | Sacks and bags, incl. cones, of polymers of ethylene | Importer | 1 | 2026-04 – 2026-04 |
| 3923 30 10 | Carboys, bottles, flasks and similar articles for the conveyance or packaging of goods, of plastics, with a capacity of <= 2 l | Importer | 1 | 2026-07 – 2026-07 |
| 3924 10 00 | Tableware and kitchenware, of plastics | Importer | 1 | 2026-01 – 2026-01 |
| 3924 90 00 | Household articles and toilet articles, of plastics (excl. tableware, kitchenware, baths, shower-baths, washbasins, bidets, lavatory pans, seats and covers, flushing cisterns and similar sanitary ware) | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 4202 32 90 | Wallets, purses, key-pouches, cigarette-cases, tobacco-pouches and similar articles carried in the pocket or handbag, with outer surface of textile materials | Importer | 1 | 2026-05 – 2026-05 |
| 4202 92 91 | Travelling-bags, toilet bags, rucksacks and sports bags, with outer surface of textile materials | Importer | 1 | 2026-05 – 2026-05 |
| 4202 92 98 | Insulated food or beverage bags, shopping bags, map-cases, tool bags, jewellery boxes, cutlery cases, binocular cases, camera cases, musical instrument cases, gun cases, holsters and similar containers, with outer surface of textile materials (excl. trunks, briefcases, school satchels and similar containers, articles of a kind normally carried in the pocket or in the handbag, travelling-bags, toil | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 4414 90 00 | Wooden frames for paintings, photographs, mirrors or similar objects (excl. of tropical wood) | Importer | 1 | 2026-03 – 2026-03 |
| 4420 19 00 | Statuettes and other ornaments, of wood (excl. of tropical wood, and wood marquetry and inlaid wood) | Importer | 1 | 2026-03 – 2026-03 |
| 4420 90 99 | Caskets and cases for jewellery or cutlery, and similar articles and articles of furniture (excl. okoum , obeche, sapelli, sipo, acajou d'Afrique, makor , iroko, tiama, mansonia, ilomba, dib tou, limba, azob , dark red meranti, light red meranti, meranti bakau, white lauan, white meranti, white seraya, yellow meranti, alan, keruing, ramin, kapur, teak, jongkong, merbau, jelutong, kempas, virola, m | Importer | 1 | 2026-04 – 2026-04 |
| 4601 99 05 | Plaits and similar products of non-vegetable plaiting materials worked lengthwise, whether or not assembled into strips (excl. twine, cord and rope; parts of footware or headgear) | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 4821 10 90 | Paper or paperboard labels of all kinds, printed (excl. self-adhesive) | Importer | 1 | 2026-01 – 2026-01 |
| 4823 90 85 | Paper, paperboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibres, in strips or rolls of a width <= 36 cm, in rectangular or square sheets, of which no side > 36 cm in the unfolded state, or cut to shape other than rectangular or square, and articles of paper pulp, paper, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibres, n.e.s. | Importer | 1 | 2026-05 – 2026-05 |
| 5208 52 00 | Plain woven fabrics of cotton, containing >= 85% cotton by weight and weighing > 100 g to 200 g/m , printed | Importer | 1 | 2026-04 – 2026-04 |
| 5609 00 00 | Articles of yarn, strip or the like of heading 5404 or 5405, or of twine, cordage, ropes or cables of heading 5607, n.e.s. | Importer | 1 | 2026-04 – 2026-04 |
| 6109 10 00 | T-shirts, singlets and other vests of cotton, knitted or crocheted | Importer | 1 | 2026-04 – 2026-04 |
| 6110 30 91 | Men's or boys' jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles, of man-made fibres, knitted or crocheted (excl. lightweight fine knit roll, polo or turtleneck jumpers and pullovers and wadded waistcoats) | Importer | 1 | 2026-04 – 2026-04 |
| 6116 91 00 | Gloves, mittens and mitts, of wool or fine animal hair, knitted or crocheted (excl. impregnated, coated, covered or laminated with plastics or rubber, and for babies) | Importer | 1 | 2025-08 – 2025-08 |
| 6301 40 90 | Blankets and travelling rugs of synthetic fibres (excl. knitted or crocheted, electric, table covers, bedspreads and articles of bedding and similar furnishing of heading 9404) | Importer | 1 | 2026-05 – 2026-05 |
| 6302 99 90 | Toilet linen and kitchen linen of textile materials (excl. of cotton, flax or man-made fibres, floorcloths, polishing cloths, dishcloths and dusters) | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 6307 10 10 | Floorcloths, dishcloths, dusters and similar cleaning cloths, knitted or crocheted | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 6405 20 91 | Slippers and other indoor footwear with uppers of textile materials (excl. with outer soles of rubber, plastics, leather or composition leather, and toy footwear) | Importer | 1 | 2025-08 – 2025-08 |
| 6602 00 00 | Walking sticks, seat-sticks, whips, riding-crops and the like (excl. measure walking sticks, crutches, firearm-sticks and sports sticks) | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 6913 90 98 | Statuettes and other ornamental ceramic articles, n.e.s. (excl. of porcelain or china, common pottery, earthenware or fine pottery) | Importer | 1 | 2026-01 – 2026-01 |
| 7013 33 11 | Drinking glasses of lead crystal, gathered by hand, cut or otherwise decorated (excl. stemware) | Importer | 1 | 2026-02 – 2026-02 |
| 7013 37 91 | Drinking glasses, gathered mechanically, cut or otherwise decorated (excl. glasses of glass ceramics, lead crystal or toughened glass and stemware) | Importer | 1 | 2026-03 – 2026-03 |
| 7013 99 00 | Glassware of a kind used for toilet, office, indoor decoration or similar purposes (excl. glassware of lead crystal or of a kind used for table or kitchen purposes, articles of heading 7018, mirrors, leaded lights and the like, lighting fittings and parts thereof, atomizers for perfume and the like) | Importer | 1 | 2026-03 – 2026-03 |
| 7016 90 70 | Slabs, squares, tiles and other articles of pressed or moulded glass, whether or not wired, of a kind used for building or construction purposes, and multicellular or foam glass in blocks, panels, plates, shells or similar forms (excl. laminated safety glass and multiple-walled insulating units of glass, and leaded lights and the like and blocks and bricks, of a kind used for building or construct | Importer | 1 | 2026-02 – 2026-02 |
| 7018 10 59 | Imitation precious and semi-precious stones of glass (excl. beads, cut and mechanically polished, and articles thereof) | Importer | 1 | 2025-09 – 2025-09 |
| 7018 90 90 | Statuettes and other ornaments of lamp-worked glass (excl. imitation jewellery) | Importer | 1 | 2026-03 – 2026-03 |
| 7117 19 00 | Imitation jewellery, of base metal, whether or not plated with precious metal (excl. cuff links and studs) | Importer | 1 | 2026-02 – 2026-02 |
| 7323 93 00 | Table, kitchen or other household articles, and parts thereof, of stainless steel (excl. cans, boxes and similar containers of heading 7310; waste baskets; shovels, corkscrews and other articles of the nature of a work implement; articles of cutlery, spoons, ladles, forks etc. of heading 8211 to 8215; ornamental articles; sanitary ware) | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 8205 20 00 | Hammers and sledge hammers with working parts of base metal | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 8205 51 00 | Household hand tools, non-mechanical, with working parts of base metal, n.e.s. | Importer | 1 | 2026-06 – 2026-06 |
| 8205 60 00 | Blowlamps and the like (excl. gas-powered blowlamps) | Importer | 1 | 2026-02 – 2026-02 |
| 8214 90 00 | Hair clippers, butchers' or kitchen cleavers and other articles of cutlery of base metal, n.e.s. | Importer | 1 | 2026-03 – 2026-03 |
| 8215 99 90 | Spoons, forks, ladles, skimmers, cake-servers, fish-knives, butter-knives, sugar tongs and similar kitchen or tableware of base metals other than stainless steel, not plated with precious metal (excl. sets of articles such as lobster cutters and poultry shears) | Importer | 1 | 2026-02 – 2026-02 |
| 8414 20 80 | Hand-operated or foot-operated air pumps (excl. handpumps for cycles) | Importer | 1 | 2026-02 – 2026-02 |
| 8505 19 10 | Permanent magnets of agglomerated ferrite | Importer | 1 | 2026-03 – 2026-03 |
| 9004 10 91 | Sunglasses with lenses of plastics, not optically worked | Importer | 1 | 2026-05 – 2026-05 |
| 9004 90 10 | Spectacles, goggles and the like, corrective, protective or other, with lenses of plastics (excl. spectacles for testing eyesight, sunglasses, contact lenses, spectacle lenses and frames and mountings for spectacles) | Importer | 1 | 2026-07 – 2026-07 |
| 9403 10 58 | Metal furniture for offices, of <= 80 cm in height (excl. desks, and tables with special fittings for drafting of heading 9017) | Importer | 1 | 2026-04 – 2026-04 |
| 9404 30 00 | Sleeping bags, whether or non-electrically heated | Importer | 1 | 2026-05 – 2026-05 |
| 9503 00 61 | Wooden puzzles | Importer | 1 | 2026-07 – 2026-07 |
| 9503 00 85 | Die-cast metal miniature models | Importer | 1 | 2026-05 – 2026-05 |
| 9505 10 90 | Christmas articles (excl. of glass, candles and electric lighting sets, natural Christmas trees and Christmas tree stands) | Importer | 1 | 2026-04 – 2026-04 |
| 9507 10 00 | Fishing rods | Importer | 1 | 2026-02 – 2026-02 |
| 9603 90 91 | Road-sweeping brushes; household type brooms and brushes, incl. shoe brushes and clothes brushes; brushes for grooming animals (excl. brushes constituting parts of machines, appliances or vehicles, and brooms or brushes consisting of twigs or other vegetable materials) | Importer | 1 | 2026-07 – 2026-07 |
On the same codes
Traders HMRC published against the most of the same published commodity codes. A shared code is a shared commodity, not a trading relationship between them.